Anatomy

Connective tissues are tissues that connects, binds, supports or separates other organs or tissues. The surround each body muscle and may offer protection past the end of its muscle fibers to come up with a cord-like tendon. Connective tissues comprise of two basic elements, the matrix consisting of ground substance...

The neurons of the central nervous system demonstrate the effects of systemic hypoxia before most other tissues in the body. The CNS has a high requirement for oxygen and carriers of energy. In fact, one fifth of blood flow is involved in supplying the brain with oxygen even though the...

Digestion The organs of the gastrointestinal system directly involved with digestion are the mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Each organ produces different enzymes which are activated or deactivated by changes in the acidity level of the food-fluid mixture as it moves through through the tract. Salivary glands in...

The biochemical process of pheromone component degradation from body and antenna is cardinal for olfaction by permeating sensitivity to incoming pheromones. Substrate-specific enzymes synthesized by moths are responsible for degradation of pheromone components in the body. Studies conducted using pheromone analogues and 3H-labeled pheromones coupled with the application of radioactive...

The core list of the World Health Organisation’s Model List of Essential Medicines includes the most “efficacious, safe, and cost-effective” remedies (WHO 2015, explanatory notes). Platelet transfusion belongs to this list due to its vital importance for thousands of people with haematological disorders. Platelet transfusions are needed to save people’s...

Neurons transmit signals to neurons and to other cells (muscles or glands) at the synapse (CNS Clinic, 2007). The outer membranes of the transmitting neuron and the receiving cell are separated by a fluid-filled synaptic gap, typically 20 nm wide. So in order for the transmitting neuron to affect the...

Without some sort of extraordinary mutation to a body’s DNA or chromosomes, or other physiological or molecular changes that are typically required, there is a great chance that most people will never have the hard goods to become a superhero. But for those who actually believe they can change the...

List the 12 Cranial Nerves and their functionsThe 12 cranial nerves are: I) Olfactory, for smell; II) Optic, for seeing; III) Oculomotor, which controls eyelids and the pupil/lens within the eye; IV) Trochlear, which moves eyeballs; V) Trigeminal, which controls face and jaw muscles; VI) Abducens, which controls eyeball motion;...

Hormones contributing to the behaviors in males and females There are some hormones in the human body which control their behavior. There are some of the hormones which are common to both males and females, and they bring about the same behavior (Brizendine 3), (Brizendine 2). Such hormones include; testosterone...

Deoxygenated blood begins the cycle through the entire human body in the superior vena cava. From there it enters the right atrium of the heart then through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle. The contraction of the right ventricle forces the blood through the pulmonary semilunar valve leading...

1. Bones possessed by these creatures that are the same as human bones include the radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. These are the bones of the human hand and arm, responsible for giving it its structure and shape. The phalanges are the bones of the fingertips, responsible for holding...

The nervous system comprises three main functions: sensory, interpretative, and motor. It is made up of a web of cells (neurons). These specialized cells work to transmit signals and co-ordinate actions all over the body. The nervous system coordinates both involuntary and voluntary activity. The main organization of the visceral...

The two kidneys of the human body are located in a retroperitoneal location, each on one side of the spine. The left kidney sits slightly higher than the right kidney, and the left kidney sits slightly closer to the spine that the right. Kidneys can move a few centimeters, and...

Neurons are one of two types of nerve cells. Depending on their functions, there are afferent, efferent, and interneurons. Nerves are structures from neurons and neuroglia (“helper” cells) transmitting signals throughout the body. Myelin is a substance forming an electrically insulating layer. It surrounds axons of neurons. Grey matter is...

IntroductionFolic acid is a coenzyme that is essential for DNA synthesis and methylation pathways. The implication of folate fortification in wheat flour has been hugely studied. Some studies are demonstrating its positives while others are elucidating the adverse effects (Hertrampf and Cortes 2004). This paper focuses on the evidence for...

The human brain is an extremely complex organ, which has a network of billions of neurons which are constantly sending signals to be interpreted by the brain. Through the efforts of many researchers today we know that the brain is capable of learning and changing throughout the lifetime of an...

The cancerous cells divide rapidly and uncontrollably leading to emergence of tumor. These cells’ growth cannot be controlled by the body system as opposed to the healthy cells. On the other hand, the growth of body cells is density dependent and cannot surpass the required number. Cancerous cells rapidly reproduce...

I have greatly increased my knowledge about how the mind works by taking this course. In particular, I have gained information about the developing brain as well as the aging brain which will aid me in my counseling work with all ages. First, I learned that the development of a...